Summary of Revenue Forecast Uncertainty for the Current Biennium
In Minnesota’s February 2025 Budget and Economic Forecast, total revenues for FY 2024-25 are forecast to be $61.728 billion. This forecast was constructed five months before the current biennium closes. If this forecast turns out to have the same degree of accuracy as the average of our five-month-ahead forecasts, we can expect FY 2024-25 closing revenues to be between $61.098 and $62.358 billion (+/- $630 million).
Total revenues for FY 2026-27 are forecast to be $64.494 billion. This forecast was constructed 29 months before the close of the biennium. If this forecast is consistent with average accuracy of our 29-months-ahead forecasts, we can expect FY 2026-27 closing revenues to be between $60.964 and $68.024 billion (+/-$3.53 billion).
Estimating Revenue Forecast Uncertainty
The difference between the level of revenues forecast and the amount actually collected at the end of a biennium—the forecast error—is a gauge of forecast accuracy. The mean absolute error (MAE) is the average of the errors’ absolute values (that is, treating negative and positive errors the same). Since accuracy in forecasting a single biennium’s revenues improves the closer we get to the end of the two-year period, we calculate separate errors for each time a biennium is part of the forecast: 32, 29, 20, 17, 8 and 5 months from actual. We then average those errors over FY 1990-91 to the most recent closed period, FY 2022-23. This report is the first to incorporate forecast errors calculated for the FY 2022-23 biennium.
