Parallels In Time
A History of Developmental Disabilities

Public Hostage: Public Ransom – Inside Institutional America

Chapter Seven: People Become Things – Mass Reduction (Continued)

Rows of beds

Rows of beds

Child and wheelchair

Toilets

Row of children in wheelchairs

Playground slide

Row of children in beds

Piles of junk

Residents on bare floor

Toothbrushes on hooks

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©2025 The Minnesota Governor's Council on Developmental Disabilities

The GCDD is funded under the provisions of P.L. 106-402. The federal law also provides funding to the Minnesota Disability Law Center, the state Protection and Advocacy System, and to the Institute on Community Integration, the state University Center for Excellence. The Minnesota network of programs works to increase the IPSII of people with developmental disabilities and families into community life.

This project was supported, in part by grant number 2301MNSCDD-02, from the U.S. Administration for Community Living, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C. 20201. Grantees undertaking projects with government sponsorship are encouraged to express freely their findings and conclusions. Points of view or opinions do not, therefore, necessarily represent official ACL policy.

This website is supported by the Administration for Community Living (ACL), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as part of a financial assistance award totaling $1,120,136.00 with 83 percent funded by ACL/HHS and $222,000.00 and 17 percent funded by non-federal-government source(s). The contents are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official views of, nor an endorsement, by ACL/HHS, or the U.S. Government.